Monday, January 28, 2013

THE WEALTH AND POVERTY OF A NATION: WHO WILL RESTORE THE DIGNITY OF Nigeria?


Protocols

I am hugely delighted to return to my alma mater the great and only University of Nigeria to speak at your 42nd convocation. Twenty eight years ago I sat just like you those of you who are part of the graduating Class of 2013; excited by my graduation. It was 1985 and I was very privileged to be one of the then only 3% of our own youthful population that had the opportunity of a university education. Today, you are still fortunate to be one of the yet paltry 4.3% of your own youthful generation with an opportunity for university education. For Nigeria that percentage does not compare favorably with 37.5% for Chile 33.7% for Singapore 28.2% for Malaysia, 16.5% for Brazil and 14.6%.  Our lag in tertiary education enrollment is quite revealing and could be interpreted as the basis of the competitiveness gap between the same set of countries and Nigeria. The reason is that “…. tertiary enrollment rate which is the percentage of total enrollment, regardless of age, in post-secondary institutions to the population of people within five years of the age at which students normally graduate high school…….plays an essential role in society, creating new knowledge, transferring knowledge to students and fostering innovation”. The countries with the most highly educated citizens are also some of the wealthiest in the world in a study by the OECD published by the Wall Street Journal last year. The United States, Japan,  Canada, South Korea, Finland, Norway, Israel, United Kingdom, New Zealand and Australia and also have among the largest GDPs. Norway and Australia, also featured, have the second and sixth-highest GDPs per capita, respectively. All these countries aggressively invest in education.

The same cannot be said of Nigeria. The crawling progress in tertiary education enrollment since my graduation more than two and a half decades ago is therefore one key reason  previous peer nations left us behind at the lower rungs of global economic rankings. Economic growth rate and ultimate development of nations are determined by a number of factors that range from sound policies, effective and efficient public and private investments and strong institutions. Economic evidence throughout numerous researches proves that one key variable that determines how fast nations outgrowothers is the speed of accumulation of human capital especially through science and technology education.  No wonder these same countries like South Korea of fifty million people has a GDP of$1.12 trillion, Brazil of one hundred and ninety six million has $2.48 trillion; Malaysia of twenty eight million people has $278.6 Billion; Chile of seventeen million people has $248.59 Billion; Singapore of five million people has $318.7 Billion.  Meanwhile with our population of 165 million people we make boasts with a GDP of$235.92 Billion- completely way off the mark that we could have produced if we made a better set of development choices.
More dramatic is that this wide gap between these nations and Nigeria was not always the case as some relevant data at the time of our independence reveal.  In 1960 the GDP of all these countries were not starkly different from that of Nigeria- two were below $200, two were a little above $300 and one was slightly above $500 while that of Nigeria was just about $100. For citizens, these differentials are not mere economic data. Meanwhile by 2011, the range for all five is between Singapore at nearly $50,000, South Korea at $22,000, Malaysia at $10,000, Brazil at $13,000 and Chile at $14,000. Our own paltry $1500 income per capita helps drive home the point that we have been left behind many times over by every one of these other countries. How did these nations steer and stir their people to achieve such outstanding economic performance over the last five decades? There is hardly a basis for comparing the larger population of our citizens clustered within the poverty bracket with the majority citizens of Singapore fortunate to have upper middle income standard of living.

Again, how did this happen? What happened to Nigeria? Why did we get left behind? How did these nations become productively wealthy over the last fifty years while Nigeria stagnated? How did majority of the citizens of these nations join the upper middle class while more Nigerians retrogressed into poverty? There are usually as many different answers to these sets of questions as there are respondents on the reasons we fell terribly behind. Some say, it is our tropical geography, yet economic research shows it has not prevented other countries with similar conditions from breaking through. Others say it is size, but China and India are bigger, yet in the last thirty and twenty years have grown double digit and continue to out- grow the rest of the world at this time of global economic crisis. Furthermore, being small has not necessarily conferred any special advantages to so many other countries with small population yet similarly battling with the development process like we are. Some others say it is our culture but like a political economist posited “European countries with different sorts of cultures, Protestant and Catholic alike that have grown rich. Secondly, different countries within the same broad cultures have performed very differently in economic terms, such as the two Koreas in the post-war era. Moreover, individual countries have changed their economic trajectories even though “their cultures didn’t miraculously change.” How about those who plead our multiethnic nationalities as the constraint but fail to see that the United States of America happens to be one nation with even more disparate ethnic nationalities than Nigeria and yet it leads the global economy! As for those who say it is the adverse impact of colonialism, were Singapore, Malaysia and even China not similarly conquered and dominated by colonialists?

That Nigeria is a paradox of the kind of wealth that breeds penury is as widely known as the fact that the world considers us a poster nation for poor governance wealth from natural resources. The trend of Nigeria’s population in poverty since 1980 to 2010 for example suggests that the more we earned from oil, the larger the population of poor citizens : 17.1 million 1980, 34.5 million in 1985, 39.2 million in 1992, 67.1 million in 1996, 68.7 million in 2004 and 112.47 million in 2010! This sadly means that you are children of a nation blessed with abundance of ironies.

 Resource wealth has tragically reduced your nation- my nation- to a mere parable of prodigality. Nothing undignifies nations and their citizens like self-inflicted failure.Our abundance of oil, people and geography should have worked favorably and placed us on the top echelons of the global economic ladder by now. After all, basic economic evidence shows that abundance of natural resources can by itself increase the income levels of citizens even if it does not increase their productivity. For example, as Professor Collier a renowned economist who has focused on the sector stated in a recent academic work countries that have enormously valuable natural resources are likely to have high living standards on a sustainable basis by simply replacing some of the extracted resources with financial assets held abroad.Disappointedly, even that choice eluded our governing class who through the decades has spent more time quarreling over their share of the oil “national cake” than they have spent thinking of how to make it benefit the entire populace.

There are perhaps three broad classes of resource rich countries. The first are those which like Norway which have built up all other types of domestic investment from which revenue is generated and can therefore save their huge revenue from gas in foreign assets. The second are those mostly of the Middle East countries like Kuwait which also have saved huge revenue in foreign asset and generate sufficient revenue from the asset to be better off than other countries without resources.  However, for Kuwait this may be only because they live well from resource rents rather than becoming productive. The third category of which our country is a classic example are countries which though resource rich have neither been able to build up foreign asset for citizens to live well off of nor evolved new and alternative sectors of productivity.

The appropriate response to the revenue extracted from our oil over the period 1959 to date would have been to use it in accumulating productive investment in the form of globally competitive human capital and physical asset of all types of infrastructure and institutions. Such translation from one form of nonrenewable asset to renewable capital would have been   the right replacement strategy for a wasting asset like oil. Unfortunately unbridled profligacy has made usspendand continue to spend the free money from oil like a tragic Rentier state that we are called in development circles. We spend most of what we generation mere consumption with no tangible productive asset to show for our so called “wealth”.

Due to profligacy we have dismal human development indicators which are inconsistent with the scale of our earnings. For example using life expectancy as a proxy measuring how we score on human development, 51.4 years for Nigerians falls far short of the 80 years for citizens of Singapore and South Korea, 78 years for citizens of Chile, 73 years for citizens of Malaysia and 72 years for citizens of Brazil. We may in fact be the world record holder in the rank of natural resources rich countries that tend to have worse human development scores when compared to countries without endowments. As our human development scores have lagged, we continued with our binge on oil revenue and became trapped in cyclical decline of national competitiveness.  It explains why every other economic sector in Nigeria has suffered the effect of the oil enclave economy. Oil has unleashed shocks and volatility of revenues on our economy due to exposure to global commodity market swing, proliferated “weak, ineffectual, unstable and systemically corrupt institutions and bureaucracies” that have helped misappropriate or plunder public resources.  Nations with abundance of natural resources especially in Africa, Latin America and part of South Asia have experienced the fueling of official corruption and “violent competition for the resource by the citizens of the nation”.

While there may not be concurrence on the causes of Nigeria’s colossal under performance, most of our citizens however agree that poor governance and the more visible symptom of corruption have had virulent impact in arresting the development of Nigeria. The poor in our land have paid the highest possible price for being born into the world’s best example of a paradox. The common wonderment of these poor citizens – whether east, west, north and south- is “why would more than half the population of a country that earned nearly one trillion dollars in oil revenue since the Oloibori discovery of crude oil; continue to wallow in poverty?” Well, economic evidence shows that the answer which we must all ponder deeply is that oil wealth entrenched corruption and mismanagement of resources in government and warped the incentive for value added work, creativity and innovation in our public, private sectors and wider society. This being the case, the larger population of our people is deprived of the opportunity to overcome poverty and this is what economists call the “resource curse”.  The oil revenue induced choices made by our ruling elite over the five decades of political independence cursed several of our citizens to intergenerational poverty!

Endowment of oil resulted in an indulgent elite class – the generations of your great grandparents, grandparents and parents in leadership- who have made disastrous choices that have trapped the destiny of Nigeria in oil wells. It is the reason our economic structure has remained unchanged for more than fifty years.Fact is that our political elite suffers from delusion of greatness simply because we sell barrels of crude oil to finance 80% of our national budget, cover 95% of our foreign exchange and petroleum sectors represents a larger portion of industry’s contribution to our GDP. Little wonder that manufacturing is a mere 18% of our Gross Domestic Products compared to that of all those other nations with which we set off on the development race. Manufacturing which has its major driver as education enabled those nations develop a huge base of human capital with skills and competencies to drive new ideas, creativity and innovation. They embraced their comparative advantage, mimicked nations that were ahead of them, perfected some aspects of manufacturing and became extremely competitive.

While these countries moved up the manufacturing and economic development latter in my fifty years of existence all I can say for Nigeria is that during the same period I have known at least five cycles of commodity booms that offered us rare opportunities to use revenues generated from oil to transform our economy. Sadly, each cycle ended up sliding us farther down the productivity ladder. The present cycle of boom of the 2010s is however much more vexing than the other four that happened in the 70s, 80s, 90s and 2000s. This is because we are still caught up in it even as I speak today and it is more egregious than the other periods in revealing that we learned absolutely nothing from the previous massive failures. Furthermore, it is happening back to back with the squandering of the significant sum of $45 Billion in foreign reserve account and another $22 Billion in the Excess Crude Account being direct savings from increased earnings from oil that the Obasanjo administration handed over to the successor government in 2007.Six years after the administration I served handed over such humongous national wealth to another one; most Nigerians but especially the poor continue to suffer the effects of failing public health and education systems as well as decrepit infrastructure and battered institutions.   One cannot but ask, what exactly does symbolize with this level of brazen misappropriation of public resources? Where did all that money go? Where is the accountability for the use of both these resources plus the additional several hundred dollars realized from oil sale by the two administrations that have governed our nation in the last five years? How were these resources applied or more appropriately misapplied? Tragic choices! Yes. Our national dignity continues to be degraded by cycles of stagnation because of the terrible choices my generation and those before repeatedly make as a result of free oil money. The wealth and poverty of a nation never found a better Symbol!

There is no better example of the cost of the imprudent choices than what has happened to Education. The failures and limitations of the education you have received during your time here leading to your graduation today will become clearer to you should you ever seek to do what was very easy for me to do –that is, gain admission to one of the best schools in the world for my graduate studies simply on the strength of my University of Nigeria education. Countries invest in the human skills that can help their citizens use modern technology and eventually rise to the stage where those same citizens can develop their countries’ own technology. A country’s educational system is the key to its long-run development. According to economic study of the role of education in economic development, “Less than half of the rise in living standards since 1960 in industrial countries has been due to savings and investments from its citizens. The rest of the increase – more than 50% has been due to rising educational levels and to improvements in technology that raise factor productivity across the board”. I had known this as a Minister of Education in this country a few years ago. That knowledge inspired and fueled my zeal to bring education to the front burners of our national development at that time. The result of the diagnostics that we produced on the state of our education system and sector was so heart wrenching that I was filled with angst at how low we had sunk educationally. Deciding to channel the angst positively, we built a strong team that articulated some three hundred and sixty eight ‘root and branch’reforms measures across the six levels and aspects of education- early childhood, basic, secondary, tertiary, special needs and adult/informal education. The response of resistance by some of the key political elite to the absolutely necessary reforms when we laid them out before the nation to generate consensus and implement is made clearer by what one today knows of the incentives that drive the choices of extractive elites. I will return to this as I get closer to the conclusion of my speech.

I read an article by David Wraight in which he posits that there is a globalized generation of youth – often referred to as the Millennial Generation. “They believe that they can change the world for the better, but they are unsure what they should change the world to; so they search for an ideology or system of belief to use as a foundation for the change they seek. They are actually searching for something worth living for and dying for.” They are optimistic and idealistic with a deep desire to make their mark in the world. They dream of what can be, and follow their dreams with passion and perseverance. They are no longer prepared to be spectators watching the world go by, but want to be ‘players’, to get their hands dirty, to make a difference. They are knowledgeable about the affairs of the world and very mobile, travelling as much as resources and opportunity allow.”

 As globalization and modern technology continue to shrink our world people are connecting worldwide as never before – particularly young people – and overcoming cultural, geographical, language and ethnic barriers with ease. For the first time in human history we are seeing the emergence of a global youth culture with common values, dreams and desires. You are actually not different from your generational peers in Tunisia, Egypt, the United States and many other countries that have have questioned and overturned the status quo and established new norms in the governance of their nations. When it becomes an imperative for your generation to save Nigeria from its cycles of disastrous and destructive choices promoted by the older generations then you can rightly be called the Turning Point Generation. The turning point is when there begins to emerge a New Nigeria that is radically different from all that we have known of failure. The turning point is the point of restoration of Dignity. Yes.That quality or state of being worthy of esteem or respect; of being regarded as nobility and having worth!

One of America’s legendary leaders; President J. F. Kennedy called it the “source of national purpose” when he said “I believe in human dignity as the source of national purpose, human liberty as the source of national action, the human heart as the source of national compassion, and in the human mind as the source of our invention and our ideas”. Like individuals, nations have or lack dignity depending on how well they practice these famous words of John D. Rockefeller – “I believe in the dignity of labor, whether with head or hand; that the world owes no man a living but that it owes every man an opportunity to make a living”. Dignity of honest toil and the sweet triumph that results from such strenuous effort is after all what confers deserving honor on people and societies. Booker T. Washington expressed this Truth powerfully when he wrote that “no race can prosper till it learns that there is as much dignity in tilling a field as in writing a poem”. We must take way a lasting message from the profound thoughts of these historical figures that helped build the still greatest nation in the world- the United States of America.

The clear message is that Dignity is conferred on a life of effort and hard work and not on a life of ignoble ease for the latter can easily become dulled by contemptible wealth.  To be born into inheritance like our nature endowed oil wealth does not of itself confer any deserving honor on us and our nation. Our oil rich nation merely makes us a Rentier state. Even worse, the oil wealth has created not the right kind of Elite class across the length and breadth of our nation but rather an Extractive Elite class. These political and business elite have been comfortable with living on rent from oil revenue without seeing the desperate need to redirect the focus of this nation to sources of economic growth that are more lasting than the depleting riches of natural commodities. They fail to realize that a Rentier economy like Nigeria sows the seed of its implosion if it does not advance into a productive economy. Had we been of a lesser population, we may perhaps have been able to all comfortably live off the income from oil as the revenue will make Nigeria sufficiently rich to be able to provide all of us high incomes on a sustainable basis like my friend Paul Collier so scholarly wrote drawing a parallel between individual bequeathed and inheritance and a nation blessed with natural resources. Collier wrote “just as a billionaire can ensure that his descendants need never work. But, just as many billionaires realize that it is good to earn a living, so all societies sensibly aspire to be productive. Resource extraction should make a society more productive”. My dear young friends, all Nigerians but especially our very prebendalist leadership class must realize that it is good for both individuals and nations to earn their living!

So I ask you as representatives of your generation, “Who will restore the Dignity of Nigeria?”  As my big brother, former President of South Africa -Thabo Mbeki- once asked along the same vein “When will the day come that our dignity will be fully restored, when the purpose of our lives will no longer be merely to survive until the sun rises tomorrow”!Your word of response to my difficult question will not persuade anyone. It is the follow on action that stands the chance of being persuasive. The reason is simple. Word is cheap.  As was profoundly observed by Marti Jose, “other famous men, those of much talk and few deeds, soon evaporate. Action is the dignity of greatness”. So I ask you again, “Who will WALK AND WORK to restore the Dignity of Nigeria?”  Through my probing question, I abide with the challenge of Shriver Sargent who believed that every new generation must be taught the dignity of work- “Do we talk about the dignity of work? Do we give our students any reason for believing it is worthwhile to sacrifice for their work because such sacrifices improve the psychological and mental health of the person who makes them?” Do you know that your embrace of a new mindset – an entrepreneurial mindset that takes pride in problem solving can change the course of our history and place us on a new economic development trajectory? Do you know that in order to herald a New Nigeria we must accept the words of Michelle Obama on learning about dignity and decency – “that how hard you work matters much more than how much you make…..that helping others means much more than just getting ahead yourself” is what we need to herald a New Nigeria?
A New Nigeria would be one where the citizens and leaders alike converge on a common vision for our nation. That vision need not be complex. It is in fact extremely important that because everyone who reads it must desire to run with its ideals that the Vision must be simple. For me a simple Vision will read- “we believe in Dignity”.  Although it sounds so ordinary but it profoundly conveys that we believe in the Dignity that lays within ourselves and not the fleeting sense of wealth that oil money creates. WE are our best endowment. Our capabilities- nurtured and nourished by a just society- and not our oil, not our gas not even our thirty four classes of minerals scattered across the country represent the lasting and renewable asset of our nation. Whereas as a Madagasy proverb says, oil induced “poverty won’t allow us lift our heads; dignity which is the fruit of hard work won’t allow us bow them down.

For Nigeria’s dignity to be restored your generation must build a coalition of your entrepreneurial minds that are ready to ask and respond to the question “What does it take for nations to become rich? Throughout economic history, the factors that determine which nations became rich and improved the standard of living of their citizens read like a Dignity treatise in that they all revolve around the choices that ordinary citizens made in defining the value constructs of their nation. We learn that it takes a very strong interplay of political and economic dynamics for nations to climb out from the rung of poverty and raise the standard of living of citizens. The political foundation of nations emerges as the principal reason why some nations grow rich while others remain poor inthe field of development economics. A ground breaking work by Daren Acemoglu, a professor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and James Robinson (economist), a Harvard professor has brought politics to the center stage of economic development. Although sound policies and access to capital for investing in development priorities remain very important for economic success no country can however achieve development without having a strong political foundation made up of political players, system, processes and structures that are grounded in inclusivity and accountability. The active participation of the citizens who seek to restore their individual and collective dignity in the politics of their nation is what ensures that THE PEOPLE and not a bunch of power hungry and extractive elite will set the agenda and determine the quality and substance of governance.

The simple version of this thesis is“sort out a nation’s political mess and you improve the chances of getting a productive economy that grows and delivers the benefits of growth in the form of jobs and improved incomes to all citizens”. Although this advice is rooted in empirical evidence from economic research it does sound very basic. Not being one of those earth shattering solutions that Nigerians are often enamored of, we may choose to ignore it.  Yet if we are willing to confront our past and present reality with sincerity and ruminate on our political history, this thesis may actually be a Turning Point “Aha” moment for us. The Turning Point is that moment when we all suddenly realized that Politics- aprocess that defines the How, Who, Which, Where, When and for What any individual or group of persons who seek to govern Nigeria- is indeed the root cause of our  repeated failures. Neither our thirty four years of cumulative military governance nor the nineteen cumulative years thus far of our democratic governance provided us “inclusive and accountable governance.” Evidently, it is the undeveloped character of our political history, inchoate political structure and system and mostly uninspiring cast of political leadership that threw Nigeria into a hole from which it must climb out quickly to secure its continuing existence. Instructively, a person or as in our own case; a nation is counseled to “stop digging when in a hole”. Lamentably, in our case we have consistently rebuffed the wisdom behind that counsel. We have instead dug deeper and the more we have dug, the deeper into the hole we have sunk and all because of political misadventures.

Trace the political history of our country since independence in 1960 and you will better understand the horror of our faulty political foundation.  The first democratic government ushered in an independent Nigeria but was cut short  by a coup in 1966, a counter coup in 1967, civil war from 1967 to 1970, military rule from 1970 at the end of the war until another coup in 1975, another unsuccessful coup in 1976 the then Head of State was murdered, continued rule of the military until 1979 when a successful political transition ushered in the second republic but it became a democratic process that was known more for its prodigality than for governance until it was cut short in 1983 by yet another military coup but this new junta was itself sent packing by a coup in 1985 with a new military junta ruling from 1985 until 1993 when it thwarted the political rights of citizens who had elected a democratic president by annulling the elections.  It responded to the public disturbance and agitation that followed by installing an interim national government that lasted only three months following yet another military intervention that was more heinous than ever until 1998 when divine providence cut short that particular leadership ushering in yet another military ruler who committed to and successfully conducted a transition that ushered democratic governance in 1999. That it is now fourteen years of uninterrupted even if fledgling democratic governance since 1999 is perhaps the very tiny ray of light in what is otherwise a canvass of political tragedies.

Yet, despite the general consensus satisfaction with the record number of democratic years since 1999, darkness still ominously clouds our political landscape.  While the nation continues to experience the paradox of plenty and citizens are once again provoked by this latest round of prodigality of our political elite one cannot but sigh in disbelief that these casts of gladiators seem not to have learned anything from our inglorious political history. The recklessness and impunity with which public institutions and resources are being handled; the daily news of systemic and now democratized corruption by political office holders and their business elite collaborators has entrenched cynicism and pessimism in the land. How can our political elite not see that we are all sitting on kegs of gun powder? How can they not see that whatever peace we may appear to have at this time is like the peace of the graveyard? How can they not see that the teeming population of extremely angry and more interconnected young people cannot be silent for too much longer? How can they not know that preachments of patience and sacrifice will no longer placate the two million young people who annually enter the terribly constrained labor market pushing up the already worrisome 40% unemployment ratio among our youthful population? How can they not see the hypocrisy of the platitudes on sacrifice to poor citizens who thanks to greater access to information are able to closely follow the lifestyle of delusional grandeur and debauchery that their leaders finance from the public treasury? Where is the much needed innovative and entrepreneurial mindset that the public sector must earnestly deploy in solving the multiple problems of our nation?  Why does our own variant of political elite not even understand the most basic necessity for change of the status quo methods that have failed to deliver benefits of governance to citizens? “Elites resist innovation because they have a vested interest in resisting change — and new technologies that create growth can alter the balance of economic or political assets in a country. Technological innovation makes human societies prosperous, but also involves the replacement of the old with the new, and the destruction of the economic privileges and political power of certain people,” wrote Acemoglu and Robinson. Yet when elites temporarily preserve power by preventing innovation, they ultimately impoverish their own states. Sadly, they most often do not care what happens to the rest of the nation, and that arguably has been the lot of Nigerian through the years.

In the course of the last six months of my returning home to Nigeria after five year in international public service at the World Bank in Washington DC, I have many times come across the cutting anger of unemployed, disillusioned citizens who are louder in their disaffection with the condition of the country. The strident voices of citizens in public debates of national issues are louder and more penetrating than ever before. We are indeed at a turning point. How it turns however will be determined by you my dear friends. Today, you are the generation that holds the ace. You are the generation for whom the stakes are highest on the issue of how well this nation turns its governance corner. You are the generation that can define a new character and quality of politics in Nigeria and inherently the quality of governance outcomes in the decades and century ahead. You are the generation that can birth a New Nigeria devoid of all negatives that have inhibited our greatness and one in which every citizen is mobilized to construct a “National Integrity System” which is imperative for the building of every decent society.

You can do so by seeking to understand and to engage the stunted political context and nation that you have inherited. You will have to take hold of both and turn them around into a mature democracy and nation. What you must seek to do is to create a new political context in which citizens’ demand for good governance and accountability begins to compel those who govern to persistently make choices that will more likely improve the outcomes of economic management for the larger number of Nigerians.You have the tools needed for massive political and civic education of your illiterate peers on the importance of political rights and participation in the political process. By virtue of your university education and experiences you understand the economics of politics in Nigeria better than your illiterate peers who ignorantly trade off their political rights and chances for better governance outcomes for a mere mess of porridge.
Economics teaches us that there are some basic Smithian conditions (as espoused by Adam Smith in the Wealth of Nations) for sustainable economic growth. No country has become rich, and stayed that way, without establishing these conditions. Countries such as Great Britain and the United States became rich because their citizens overthrew the elites who controlled power and created a society with political rights more broadly distributed and the government accountable and responsive to citizens. In these countries the great mass of people could take advantage of economic opportunities and so the entire nation prospered. To the contrary, nations dominated by self-centered elite fail and they are extremely poor.

Your generation can work as collectives across this country and set the agenda for lasting positive change in the political architecture of Nigeria. Only after reading Why Nations Fail did I finally understand the wise words of Plato that“one of the penalties for refusing to participate in politics is that you end up being governed by your inferiors”. Therefore, do not be like me and my kind who have ignored politics and left it to professional politicians to determine its character and substance. The incentive that must drive your own impulses on whether to engage or not is the knowledge that except the insalubrious political context that has produced a persistently failing Nigeria changes positively; your individual talents, opportunities and greatness will not materialize nor be maximized. In deciding to free Nigeria from its legendary political failures, you will actually free yourselves to excel like your contemporaries in the rest of the world. “The positive dimensions of succeeding at this task democratizing political powers beyond the minuscule are accountability, property rights and rule of law, which in combination provide low transactions cost so that markets can work effectively and efficiently. When these conditions are absent, a society faces corruption, instability and poor human rights. Investors, including domestic investors, flee such settings”. Do you now see how inextricably connected our political and economic fortunes are in determining the quality of life of the Nigerian? Do you now see what our Big Problem is?

A recent global survey showed that your generation around the world stands out as the most connected to the developments in international affairs. So, most of you will assuredly be aware that not just in our nation but that everywhere else world over, people are seeking for those who can solve the Big Problems in their respective nations. In several other nations the solutions to Big Problems are coming from your generational peers. Surely, having established that our own Big Problem is the failure of politics to deliver the right environment in which a productive economy can thrive outside of the extraction of natural resources that fuels the destructive choices of our ruling elite you have the information needed for driving change. You would have to decide whether you are ready to play the role a change catalyst or would rather adopt the safer option which is to “siddon look.”  There is no better time to make such life changing decisions than the day of one’s graduation from College.

I should know about making decisions on graduation day! On my graduation day in 1985, my fertile mind having absorbed as much of the eclectic knowledge available on this campus as possible was budding with curiosity about the challenges of good governance in Nigeria. I made up my mind at that time to never lose my VOICE in the society and that for as long as I lived, I would always speak up on matters of governance, transparency, accountability and probity. Divine providence followed that decision and the supportive actions I took to back it and my steps began to be ordered on a trajectory that had me as one of the leaders of our own generations’ campaign for democracy and good governance- The Concerned Professionals with the likes of Pat Utomi, Sam Oni, Morin Babalolaand many others. Staying committed to that decision that I made on graduation day was what provided me the rare privilege of becoming one of the few co-founders and a founding director of Transparency International the Berlin based global non-governmental organization that pioneered the work on anti-corruption and promotion of transparency. That decision that I made on graduation day informed all my life choices and paved the path for what you know of my vocational endeavors. So what decisions are you prepared to make today, dear friends? I assure you have the greatest gift of God to mankind is the power to choose. You are empowered to make decisions and choices today that will ultimately determine what, where and how you will be in the next twenty eight years and beyond……..

 But I warn you to be mindful and not rush to decide. You will need to fully assess all the possible costs of your decisions and choices and then determine whether you have the strength of will to bear them. Whatever choices you make from today for the purpose of helping build a New Nigeria will most certainly cost you something. Such is the reality of nation rebuilding. Those who truly build their societies pay a price. They are not For example you cannot be one given to the lure of free money, one who cannot defer gratification and one for whom the path of least resistance holds abiding fascination; and then say you are part of the Turning Point Generation. No! The willingness to “enjoy” wealth that is not earned is not consistent with such Turning Point paradigm.  For example, for anyone of you in the Class of 2013 you cannot having perverted the maxim “reward for effort” cheating in exams or using forged certificates to gain your admission and say you are a catalyst for the emergence of the New Nigeria.  If your decisions or choices from today are driven by some selfish interest of replacing the failed and fading generations so as to repeat their nation-hobbling pattern then please know that you are not of the Turning Point Generation.

I have spoken to you today to stir up your collective effective angst at the indignity of your inheritance. If I have succeeded in raising your determination to free our nation from the trap of oil, then my coming is worthy. If I have succeeded in helping you see how continuous education not more extraction of oil will help you outperform and take Nigeria up the economic development ladder, then my coming worthy. If I have succeeded in preparing you to embrace dignity of labor as your philosophy of life –never shunning legitimate vocation that helps you earn a living regardless of how lowly it might seem- then my coming is worthy. If today, I have succeeded in preparing you for a life of private and public integrity then my coming is worthy. If I have deposited in you a deep seethed contempt for poor governance, then my coming is worthy. If I have succeeded in preparing you for a lifetime of costly choices that invariably ennoble your path then my coming is worthy. If I have succeeded in helping you realize that you are not weak- that you are actually very powerful- and have both the exceptional opportunities and the tools like your peers in other nations to solve our own Big Problem then my coming is worthy. If I have moved you to decide that you will be one of those that will redefine and build a New Nigeria of our dream then is my coming worthy. If I have succeeded in inspiring a resolve within you to uphold from today a strong sense of personal responsibility for the political governance of Nigeria then my coming is worthy. Above all, if I have succeeded in getting you motivated and empowered enough to walk out of this hall seeing ready to walk and work as a part of the Turning Point Generation that courageously dares to restore the the dignity of Nigeria then is my BEING truly worth it!

I salute you, the great lions and lionesses of the class of 2013! All of you, my dear fellow alumnae of the University of Nigeria are indeed the true Wealth, the Greatness and above all the Dignity of Nigeria!!

Thank you for listening.

OBIAGELI KATRYN EZEKWESILI
CLASS OF 1985, UNIVERSITY OF NIGERIA
SENIOR ECONOMIC ADVISER, AFRICA ECONOMIC POLICY DEVELOPMENT INITIATIVE
OPEN SOCIETY FOUNDATION.

Monday, November 12, 2012

Varying Job Prospects Faced by College Graduates

Recently, the National Association of Colleges and Employers (NACE) released a survey showing that employers anticipate hiring 13% more graduating college students from the Class of 2013 than they hired from the Class of 2012, a sign that hiring has finally begun to pick up in the sluggish economic recovery. In September, the unemployment rate fell to 7.8%, nearly equalling the rate it was at in the months directly following the economic collapse. While not all sectors of the economy are feeling the effects of increased hiring, a rising number are. The chief benefactors are those with advanced higher education degrees. US students with master's degree enjoy unemployment levels near 3%, far lower than the national average, allowing degree-holders much greater freedom to pursue their goals without the anxiety created so easily by a volatile economy. Yet, recently these benefits have been increasingly extended to ambitious learners around the globe through the use of online degree programs and freelance opportunities.

While not all college degree programs guarantee job security and lucrative employment, graduate students who choose their major based on available data can find many degree programs that offer a significant return on investment. Physician Assistant Studies programs, for example, offer mid-career median pay of $97,000 with projected employment increases at 30%, indicating far lower unemployment within the profession than the national average. Students majoring in engineering can fare even better, with electrical engineerings commonly making $121,000 by mid-career and petroleum engineers often making as much as $166,400 yearly.

A study conducted by the US Census Bureau illustrates that over the course of the average lifetime, a college graduate will earn $2.4 million, and more than $8,000 more per year that those with only a bachelor's degree, for a 15% higher annual income. Of course, there are some majors that fair far better than others. Engineering students, for example, earn more than any other major on average, with lifetime earnings at $3.6 million. The top earning physicians or surgeons, meanwhile -- often biology or chemistry majors in the early days of their studies -- can often earn over $6.5 million.

For students and aspiring students in developing nations around the world, online learning provides unprecedented access to educational resources that many otherwise never would have had the chance to experience. “Today economic growth is as much a process of knowledge accumulation as of capital accumulation,” says Jamil Salmi, higher education economist at the World Bank. “The decreased importance of physical distance means that the best university in any country can decide to open a branch anywhere in the world or to reach out across borders using the internet or satellite communication links, effectively competing with any national university on its own territory.” Salmi offers as an example Cornell University, which has created the “Essential Electronic Agricultural Library,” consisting of 173 CD-ROMs storing text from 140 journals for the past four years and can be shared with libraries at universities in developing countries around the world.

The open education movement, pioneered and developed by universities like MIT and Carnegie Mellon -- whose respective programs Open CourseWare and Open Learning Initiative -- offer extensive content and software resources from top higher education institutions. In recent years, Coursera, which began at Stanford, has compiled lessons and course lectures from dozens of top schools, all of which students and instructors in developing nations can utilize for free and adapt as they see fit.

While online programs in higher education offer citizens of developing nations new opportunities to gain valuable job training, many are utilizing the internet for employment as well. Websites like Freelancer.com and Elance.com, which allow individuals to hire workers for short contract jobs on a freelance basis, have grown significantly in popularity in recent years. While much of the work offers come from nations like the US and UK with large, developed economies, a growing proportion of freelance workers on these sites come from nations in the developing world. Individuals with little hope of finding work locally are taking advantage of the opportunity to support their families. Out of nearly 3 million global users on Freelance.com, one-third of the all applicants come from India, while workers from Pakistan, Bangladesh and the Philippines make up an additional 20%. By comparison, 11% are from the US. “Most people in the world live on $10 a day or less,”says Matt Barrie, chief executive of Freelancer.com. “Now, by going online, you can earn your month's salary in a few hours or days.”

As hiring in the US finally begins to pick up, revitalized job seekers will likely find they are now competing in a much evolved marketplace. Online resources have spread education and employment opportunities around the globe, allowing ambitious workers in developing nations a chance to compete with citizens of the world's wealthiest countries. While these changes may lead to unease among some workers, the growth in economic and academic growth around the globe as well as increased exposure to cultural diversity represent valuable new opportunities for those willing to take advantage of them. By embracing educational opportunities, those in the US and around the globe can take control of their respective careers and future to a greater degree than ever before.

Sophia Foster is a researcher and writer for http://www.onlinemastersdegree.org, a resource designed to deliver current and prospective students information about graduate school.

Tuesday, April 24, 2012

WHO CARES TO JOIN; IT'S PROFITABLE

I am tired of crying foul over what is happening from #fuelsubsidyscam, #capitalmarketprobe, to #policepensionfundsscam, it’s just crazy. I guess it’s time to start helping myself before help comes my way. I need to be alive to change anything if there is anything left to be changed. If you think otherwise, it shows that you are not in this part of the world; I care less of your opinion.

I am setting up a company with my other friends from other parts of the world to be part of the management team. With no specific business mission, we will be serving departments, agencies, ministries and parastatals of the Nigerian government, I do not need any jack from the private sector or any other sector for that matter, they are too transparent and pays for only services provided and that is not the kind of business that I want to do.
There are a lot of prospects for our business, we will be doing consultancy services to applying for a waste management contract with the Nigeria National Petroleum Corporation (NNPC) to later get a license to import petroleum products and get N 1,988,141,091.10 Billion (US $ 12,659,287.12 Million) of subsidy money without importing nothing. All I need is to get a good office space in Abuja and know either the petroleum minister or any of the Oga(s) at NNPC, Petroleum Product Pricing Regulatory Authority (PPPRA), Department of Petroleum Resources (DPR), Petroleum Equalization Fund (PEF), Nigeria Ports Authority (NPA), Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN)… The list is becoming endless, I don’t think I will need to know every Oga in this agencies to do my business, since the more I get to know them the more I get to part with my subsidy money. I probably need only the petroleum minister and an Oga in NNPC, others can go take a dive.

But before we do the fuel subsidy business I need to wait for a while because the Federal House of Representatives Probe Panel has busted the scam and the guys that benefitted from the whole process will be paying back. That is only dependent on 2 factors, if they do not win at the courts as they have threatened to sue the Reps Probe Panel for releasing an indicting report. All they need do is to take their case to one Justice Marcel Awokulehin who in 2009 absolved High Chief James Onanefe Ibori (Former Governor of oil rich Delta State in Nigeria - now serving his 13 years jail term in the UK courtesy of UK Police and Southwark Crown Court) of all 170 count charges for money laundering brought before him by the Economic and Financial Crimes Commission (EFCC). The other is if these Labour unions, Civil Societies, #OccupyNigeria, #SaveNigeria, and twitter government bullies remain quiet and do not raise their voice again as they once did in January.

Another profitable sector I am prospecting is the security sector where we could be contactors to the defense and interior ministries. There is a lot of money, about N 922 Billion (US $5.7 Billion) budgeted for security this year. The Nigeria Police recently suggested that they will use dogs to combat BOKO HARAM, we could apply to supply them the dogs and end up getting lame wolves and get fully paid or apply to supply high tech security surveillance and communications gadgets. With good negotiations with any of the Ogas in charge we could supply webcams, Nokia 3010, Samsung R220, Sagem X1 phones. Who cares; after all our dear President Jonathan recently while in a working visit in Germany said that BOKOM HARAM security threat has been exaggerated. You now see why we don’t need to spend all the money importing any security equipments or training any of our security personnel. When we need any special operation carried out we could invite either the British or US Special Forces.

We could do quite a lot supplying fertilizer, training government how to do their work, do power projects, constructing swimming pools in the Niger Delta as a development project as Niger Delta development Commission (NDDC) proposed invariably to train the Niger Delta people on how to swim to win gold at the London 2012 Olympics. You can see we have lots of prospects to compete favourably in the space; all I need is startup funds from interesting investors. I can’t wait any longer to win the government’s YOUWIN funds to start up a business because it would not get anywhere to get me a good office space in the Central Business District, Abuja or ‘lobby’ my way up the corridors of NNPC towers, Defense Building, CBN Headquarters or even the Presidency. I really need big money. Please invest, its profitable.

Saturday, March 31, 2012

VOLUNTEERISM: A SURE WAY OF EXCELLENT SKILLS ACQUISITION.

Volunteerism - the social practice of volunteering ones time, skill, knowledge with the intent to help in bringing needed assistance to a community, organization, group or cause in which one has interest in, committed to and engaged in. Also a form/ class of formal and informal education that provides a volunteer with benefits of:
  • Learning best industry/ sector work skills;
  • Building professional contacts and networks;
  • Making better career decisions;
  • Getting mentoring assistance;
  • Building and sustaining an interest to become commitment;
  • Obtaining mainstream sector information;
  • Satisfaction of contributing to a better society.
There is usually no best time to start volunteering; one can start as early as a teen. After sometime of volunteerism and adding value to one’s community or organization, cause, the young person is equipped with relevant skills that recruiters need, hence they are usually in the best position to get those job positions that many apply for.
It also of interest to note that young people who volunteered at one time or the other do better in work places, move up the ladder faster than those who didn’t do any volunteer work, have a network of professional contacts and groups that benefit the work, knowledge and experience of the young person and assist in times of challenges.
A young person after sometime of volunteering has a better capacity to startup a business in a sector/ field in which he/her volunteered and will do better than the other guy without such experience. In starting up this business he creates employment that engages some unemployed, adds value to a community and also contributes to the local economy that attracts more businesses / opportunities that would employ more young people directly and indirectly I terms of young people that may decide to volunteer to serve and get better skills. The chain continues.

In all young people who volunteer their services / skills acquire better and excellent skills that in the long run will always help them throughout their work life, and I must add that they usually don’t go searching for jobs, jobs comes to them.

Sunday, February 26, 2012

THE ATTITUDE AND EXPERIENCE OF THE 'EXPERIENCED' UNEMPLOYED YOUTH


THE ATTITUDE AND EXPERIENCE OF THE 'EXPERIENCED' UNEMPLOYED YOUTH



Young people generally are very enthused about life and what its various stages offers, best of which is the freedom to lead their own lives but without the power the decide the outcome of decisions taken. Some of these outcomes are undesirables of gainful poverty, unemployment or lack of one at all.

We have most of the time neglected to prepare ourselves - minds and spirit for the realities that we must face in this stage of our life which will mar or make us at the end. These preparations start from the family where children are trained and influenced by either literate-illiterate, rich-middle class-poor parents, faith systems, environment, level and quality of education, training received, peers and more. Among all these factors of influence, education, training, skills, and experience - (opportunities) has the highest impact on a young person's life to adulthood. Most times we fail to acknowledge the need to get ourselves readily prepared for this future in discovering the purpose of education, and what benefit it would serve to us and our communities, this is where attitude / character, values comes in - the differentiating factor between the successful and seemed failures. While in the university and upon graduation from the University if he has to opportunity of attending one, an average young person is faced with the experience of unemployment during which he is involved in certain activities in which he is gains useful experience but largely denies this because of lack of purpose, focus, vision of what life should be for him/her. These activities often are training grounds to acquire skills, knowledge and experience that the young person should use to change his situation and lead a successful life but quite often he fails to. 

As a young man that had desire to lead my own life and be responsible for its outcomes, I before graduation from high school told myself this is how my life would be structured; no matter the outcome of factors that were not in my direct control. Upon graduation from high school, I had some challenges - an outcome of the poor education system, yet I didn't lose focus. I strived. I gained admission and having structured, understood my environment and knowing what the system I was in wouldn't offer me, I made it a priority to get a job placements during vacations to acquire skills and experience that I need for my future - this was what my peers didn't see as a need at the time. This I did throughout my university education, often going without food, denying myself of some needs and luxury to save up to buy books, attend trainings, conferences, and to work at times where I gain skills and experience as an unemployed youth knowing that one day I will be employed. This is my approach till date.

Many other young people for lack of focus and purpose have failed to make efforts to gain needed skills, knowledge to lead meaningful and successful lives. Sometimes when they do find themselves assisting in providing certain services they fail to appreciate that they acquire very relevant skills and experience in the process not to talk of using it to improve his/her current situation. To such a young person he has never being employed or given an opportunity to learn skills and gain useful experience. We always look forward to a placement in the biggest blue chip companies immediately after graduation; that is what we only know as employment, yet without the right skills, experience, knowledge, purpose, character, attitude, vision, and values.

More so I once asked a young Nigerian Business Administration graduate who was deployed to my organization for her compulsory one year National Youth Service Corps (NYSC) scheme to write an application letter for a position that was to be offered to her and also provide a resume/ curriculum vitae. I was shocked to hear that she doesn't know what an application letter or even a CV is. How could such be employed and by whom? I provided her with 2 plain sheets of white paper and a biro to write whatever she can and title them to indicate which is an application letter and CV. At the end I was provided with a sort of primary school caricature of an application letter. On questioning she told me she was not taught how to and therefore should not know with many other reasons. I only helped her with a sample of my CV and web links to read on how to write an application letter. That was the best I could do for her at the time; meanwhile she has 2 good expensive mobile phones that she uses for facebooking and accessing other social media content. That clearly shows lack of focus, preparedness, vision, character, values, purpose for future and life.

This debate is on education, youth and unemployment is on many fronts but I see clearly that attitude plays a very significant role. Young people need to be focused, purposed and have the right character and vision to lead very successful lives.

Sunday, February 19, 2012

THEY HOLD THE FUTURE.

Support Girl Child Education.
THEY HOLD THE FUTURE.

It was a lovely morning and I had as usual purposed to start living my dream no matter what the day brings even from the moment I stepped out of bed at 4:29 am. If you are wondering, hey, that’s too early to be out of bed, you will be shocked to know that many are already on their way to work at this time. It’s a pity, that’s what living and working in Lagos, Nigeria, is all about, especially if you don’t residence centrally near major business districts and must beat the usual strenuous traffic and to get to work before 08:00 am.

I made it to my usual bus stop just in time to get a bus that waits for commuters to get on the bus. At the extreme of the bus as I got on were 2 young female students, one carrying the other on her laps, this way they only pay the transport cost of one commuter. I decided to pay their fare before I got sited. Now sited directly behind them, I began immediately to contemplate if I really had to pay their fare because I had already budgeted for the day and the prompting was sudden and unusually as I do commute with students every day. Finally I made up my mind to do the right thing. I paid for them before they attempted to do so and got a thank you sir as a show of appreciation.

As the bus moved on slowly toward our destinations, I continued to ask myself why the unusually prompting to pay their fare, is there more I could do with the opportunity - like talk to them about education, studies, interests, background and equally share with them my experience. Time as a deciding factor, as it wasn’t long after I decided to talk that they got to their bus stop, I only told them,’ take your studies serious’. I prayed to see them again if fate permits.

The very next day I made it to the bus stop about the time of yesterday and there in the bus were these same students, now sitting beside them, we exchange greeting, ‘hi good morning, you guys again?’ I asked. I quickly paid our fares and got talking immediately. There is no time to waste to think about it; not like yesterday. I got to know their names, Tayo and Kehinde - twins, 9 years and half, and in their senior secondary class 2 at Command Day Secondary School, Ikeja, Lagos located within the Nigeria Military Cantonment Ikeja. Tayo, the elder to Kehinde is more outspoken, eloquent, sociable and beautiful *wink* but with a smaller body frame, the reason why she is always the one that sits on her younger sister’s laps whenever they are commuting. Tayo wants to be a dietician as she has interest in ensuring that people eat well and are healthy especially when there is a stomach ulcer patient at home who she says requires a special diet unlike what others normally take while Kehinde looks forward to being an accountant because she loves numbers.

While discussing with them and pausing intermittently to envision the lovely, bright future that lies ahead of them in their studies, young life, careers, building their homes, and the society at large, I acknowledged the dominant role that education must play in their future for their dreams to come true; they still have university education, mentoring, interests and challenges ahead of them. A very long way that will require us all to assist them and many more young girls to attain their dreams, with that we can shape our society the way we want.  We can assist by sponsoring a girl’s education, training, giving them opportunities that are not ordinarily given to them and empowering them in any way we can. I see a very stable family and society and future free from illiteracy, poverty, hunger, child mortality, maternal deaths, malaria, HIV/AIDS and other diseases in an environment that is safe, green, friendly and sustainable.

For Tayo and Kehinde, I pray that their mum who is an educated business woman provides them with all the education they need to realize their dreams and that we can take up from where ever she may stop. I advised them never to let anything distract them from their studies, and to remain focused to their dreams. Finally bye-bye as they got to their bus stop as I know it will be hard to meet them anything soon together. 


Saturday, February 4, 2012

THIS BOUNTY POLICING SHOULD STOP!

THIS BOUNTY POLICING SHOULD STOP!

The Victory Rally proposed for Gani Fewehinmi Freedom Park, Ojota, Lagos Nigeria on Saturday 22nd Jan, 2012 organized by Save Nigeria Group and its allies and led by the fire spitting Pastor Tunde Bakare, (a man many have said I have resemblance with) couldn’t hold. The rally was to celebrate the gains of the peaceful Fuel Subsidy Removal protests that recorded unprecedented participation by many Nigerians of different social class crippled the economy of a week hereby forcing government to climb down from its high horse; reducing PMS pump price from #141 to #97. It was also to plan on further actions that are to be taken to ensure we do not lose focus and let the gains of the protests elude Nigerians.
The Save Nigeria Group spokesperson of SNG, Mr Yinka Odumakin, announced in the late hours of 21st that the rally would not hold owning to intelligence reports that some unscrupulous elements were hired by unknown persons to disrupt the rally; hence creating room for the Military deployed to the venue to unleash terror on us peaceful innocent citizens. More so was the coordinated bomb explosions that rocked the city of Kano (Nigeria’s second largest and most populated city) some hours after noon on 21st that killed over 178 persons and left many others injured and displaced. The targets of the explosions were the Police headquarters in the city, the residence of the Police Inspector General of Police and an office of the State Security Service.

The dreaded Islamic sect; BOKO HARAM was quick to claim responsibility. This was days after its member Umar Kabir aka (Kabir Sokoto) the alleged coordinator of the 25 Dec, 2011 Christmas day bombing at St Theresa Catholic Church, Madalla, Niger state during the Christmas service escaped from police custody during what the police called a search operation at his home in Abaji, near Abuja – Nigeria’s capital. The attack killed 43 worshippers and left 73 people hospitalized. Zakari Biu, the Commissioner of Police under whose command Kabir escaped is now under house arrest helping police with information on what role he played in the incident. Records have it that Zakari Biu was once dismissed / retired from Nigeria Police Force in 1999 on grounds of indiscipline, corruption and unethical practice. How he rejoined the force is a mystery yet to be unravelled.

The Police then headed by IGP Hafiz Rigim was quick to announce N 50,000,000.00 ($312,021.00) bounty on his head. This is a sum that the police couldn’t use to adequately police Kabir to search his residence. Nigerians weren’t surprised at this announcement as it seems to be the modus operandi of the force in dealing with very high value arrests/ suspects that the State should deploy its resources to effect. Nigerians didn’t take the bounty announcement serious as the police equally does not have such money to hand out to anyone that may provide information and the individual may possibly at the end be an unpleasant guest of the police to answer questions of how s(he) got the information. This tells of how much the institution stinks.

Over the years there have been calls to restructure the force to bring efficiency, but this has never happened. The government rather chooses the frequent sack of its IGPs for falling to perform, when the system is still the way it is. Sometimes the IGPs themselves have been alleged to have corruptly enriched themselves while in office as was the case in 2005 with IGP Mustafa (Tafa) Adebayo Balogun, who helped himself with over N20 Billion ($124,804,992.00)during his tenure. He plea bargained to return N16 Billion ($99,843,993) when he was arraigned by the Economic and Financial Crimes Commission (EFCC) and was sentenced to a mere 6 months in prison which he gracefully spent in a cozy hospital room where he was receiving treatment for some unknown ill health believed to be designed to save him from the disgrace of serving his term in a prison cell. The returned loot was later said to have been mismanaged / missing by the same police authorities. In another instance N50 Billion ($312,012,480.49) part of the Police Equipment Fund meant to fund policing equipment was mismanaged in 2006 by Mr Kenny Martins; an in-law to Gen Olusegun Obasanjo (Nigeria’s former President). Nothing has yet come out of investigations and prosecuting the managers of the fund, yet the force is expected to combat crime effectively and protect the lives and property of Nigerians.

Some of the political elite and the government have in the past provided the police with only the resources to serve their corrupt, undemocratic, uncivilized and selfish purposes especially during elections and to cover up crimes they committed. It’s a pity that our society have now evolved to a state of serious insecurity and imbalance in which the capacity of the police and security agencies to keep to their responsibilities is now very much restricted owning to lack of resources, incompetence, lack of operational strategy, tact and coordination between agencies. I guess government and all that contributed the failure of our security and social system never knew we will ever get to this point; we can’t eat our cake and have it. One of such self serving acts played out in a larger scale on 10th July, 2003 when a serving Assistant Inspector General of Police (Zone 9), Mr Raphael Ige (now late) led over 200 police men to unlawfully abduct Dr Chris Ngige - a duly elected sitting democratic governor of Anambra State in Southeast Nigeria and hold him hostage for close to 24 hours.
The AIG later said he acted on the orders of a group of ‘powerful’ individuals in Nigeria’s ruling People’s Democratic Party (PDP) and Presidency that hails from the state who had differences with the governor. The same police on a later date supervised the destruction and arson visited on the state’s democratic institutions – House of Assembly, Government House, Independent Electoral Commission, Broadcasting station, State High Court and other property worth millions of Naira. Both crimes were committed in broad day light and till this day no one has faced trial for those crimes. There are many more of these where the police was used by people in the government to unleash terror and oppression on people. All these activities that are anti-social now make them to be dreaded by the public who should be their friend.

Friend? Not in Nigeria as they are best known for arresting innocent bystanders at a crime scene to pay ‘I no follow’ bail money, mount illegal road blocks for #20 to… tolls, ‘Wetin you carry’ money, unwarranted harassments, illegal raiding of neighborhoods and the popular accidental discharge usually over #20 (less than 50 cents), Pervert justice and sell it to the highest bidder. All these must change if the public is to trust the police and assist her in doing her work.

The recent sack of IGP Rigim and the appointment of Mohammed Abubakar; a determined crime fighter, no nonsense and uncorrupt officer as we were told who have served creditably in many Nigerian cities including Lagos, Kano is seen as good one but must be complimented with reforms/ restructuring if the change would not be a case of a new wine in an old wine pot. Hope this happens soon so that the police can contain Boko Haram, stop bounty policing, extortion, illegal road blocks/ toll points, indiscriminate arrests and live up to its mandate of protecting the lives and property of the Nigerian public.
Government must also note that things will never improve if it does not implement reports and enquiries on social, ethic-religious, political disturbances, fund and equip the police adequately, provide education and gainful employment for Nigeria’s teaming youth population, and do all that is democratically expected of a democratic government for Peace, Unity and Progress to reign.

GOD BLESS NIGERIA!